想要讓自己的托福成績(jī)更加有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，我們要讓自己的聽(tīng)力部分和閱讀部分盡量滿(mǎn)分。很多童鞋覺(jué)得托福聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)速很快，篇章很長(zhǎng)，聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容又涵蓋了很多*，所以很難全部聽(tīng)清楚。所以我想分享一下我提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力并且達(dá)到托福聽(tīng)力滿(mǎn)分的一些心得。托福聽(tīng)力怎樣快速提高呢？我覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力水平 托福聽(tīng)力技巧同樣重要。
首先介紹一下托福聽(tīng)力。托福聽(tīng)力一般是兩到三個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分由一段對(duì)話(huà)和兩個(gè)講座組成，每個(gè)部分音頻大約是20分鐘，答題時(shí)間是10分鐘。如果遇到加試，考生將多聽(tīng)一個(gè)部分的20分鐘錄音，內(nèi)容也是一段對(duì)話(huà)和兩個(gè)講座。聽(tīng)力第三部分加試一般會(huì)從現(xiàn)成的加試題庫(kù)里選取，文末會(huì)提供托福聽(tīng)力經(jīng)典加試題資料。
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力水平不難提高。但是我們需要每天花一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時(shí)間，并且堅(jiān)持盡可能久的時(shí)間多聽(tīng)。“泛聽(tīng) 精聽(tīng)”是我提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的方法，我覺(jué)得效果很好。泛聽(tīng)就是戴上耳機(jī)聽(tīng)各種英語(yǔ)材料，如VOA，新概念英語(yǔ)三或者四，BBC，托福聽(tīng)力原題或者你能找到的任何常速的英語(yǔ)音頻。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡量集中精力，能聽(tīng)懂多少算多少，但是不用花其他時(shí)間深究，一直往下聽(tīng)就行。常速是因?yàn)橥懈Ｂ?tīng)力比較快，所以只有在考前多聽(tīng)常速英語(yǔ)音頻，才能讓自己習(xí)慣這個(gè)語(yǔ)速。我有好一陣時(shí)間，每天晚上躺在床上之后，就戴上耳機(jī)播放新概念英語(yǔ)3，一直聽(tīng)到睡著。提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力，這個(gè)方法真的超級(jí)有用！
當(dāng)然，精聽(tīng)也非常重要。我們可以找來(lái)托福聽(tīng)力原題（包括音頻和原文），一句一句地聽(tīng)。每一句都播放幾遍，直到自己聽(tīng)懂整句話(huà)的意思。如果還是不懂的話(huà)，就用聽(tīng)力原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比，看看自己有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)錯(cuò)或者聽(tīng)漏什么內(nèi)容。精聽(tīng)比較耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，聽(tīng)一篇要半個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更久。每天精聽(tīng)一兩個(gè)passage就可以了，這種方法真的可以快速提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力水平。
除此之外，跟讀也是一個(gè)提高聽(tīng)力的有用方式，對(duì)照原文一句一句跟讀托福聽(tīng)力音頻可以讓我們對(duì)“英語(yǔ)聲音”記得更快，更有效率。
當(dāng)我們擁有足夠的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力水平，托福聽(tīng)力就不會(huì)使我們抓狂。但是我們依然很難拿到滿(mǎn)分，總是會(huì)錯(cuò)那么一兩道題。而掌握托福聽(tīng)力技巧可以幫助我們更好地答題，提升正確率，甚至在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力水平有限的情況下也答對(duì)題目！這種托福聽(tīng)力技巧就是掌握托福聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容規(guī)律和出題規(guī)律。
首先是聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容的規(guī)律性。我們以一篇托福聽(tīng)力原題為例子進(jìn)行介紹。
大家聽(tīng)懂了多少？如果你覺(jué)得好多內(nèi)容都沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，那么還要繼續(xù)努力。不過(guò)也不用太緊張，因?yàn)檫@一篇真題的難度還是比較大的。下面我們來(lái)看看聽(tīng)力原文。
【真題Cryogenian period】
Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.
So continuing with ice ages, we've looked at the Pleistocene Ice Age up through the so-called Little Ice Age in Europe, but today I'd like to talk about a controversial hypothesis that Earth went through tremendous ice ages before all these others between approximately 600 and 700 million years ago during a geologic period that's known as the Cryogenian.（主題：一個(gè)冰川紀(jì)）
Cryo is from the Greek and means cold. The name comes from the glacial deposits going back to this period. They’re found all around the world, which indicates that glacier spread across all the continents at that time even near the equator.
And this is the premise of a hypothesis commonly called Snowball Earth（大雪球假說(shuō)）.The name pretty much described the condition, that it is just proposed existed than with not only the continents, but also the oceans entirely covered with thick sheets of ice.（冰川紀(jì)是大雪球假說(shuō)的前提）
But how could the Snowball Earth climate have come about? In the other ice ages, we’ve looked at, up to 30% of the Earth's surface was covered in ice. But here we're talking way more than that.（后文講大雪球氣候是怎么來(lái)的）
Okay. This gives us a chance for review. When radiation from the sun reaches our planet, some of it is absorbed and some of it reflected back into space, right? And different surfaces on Earth reflect solar radiation differently. They don't have the same surface albedo. Surface albedo is a measure that tells us how much solar radiation gets reflected back into space. Ocean water, for example, tends to absorb radiation. Its surface albedo is low. So that has a warming effect on the planet. But ice and snow reflect a lot of solar radiation. They have a higher albedo. It's like how wearing white clothing can help you stay cooler in a hot day than wearing black clothing. Similarly, ice and snow as well as being very cold themselves have an additional cooling effect because they keep solar radiation from being absorbed.（復(fù)習(xí)氣候持續(xù)變冷的原理）
Now once this process of reflection and cooling gets started, it can end up being self-perpetuating.The cooling increases the ice cover, which increases the surface albedo, so the climate gets even colder, causing more ice to form and so on. This is called the ice albedo feedback.Normally the process is kept in check by the ocean's absorption of solar radiation, but according to the Snowball Earth hypothesis, the feedback loop didn't stop. And so ice and snow were covering more and more land, cooling Earth's surface more and more quickly, and got to the point where even the oceans were covered in ice.（持續(xù)變冷循環(huán)）
Now the thought of Earth as a giant snowball. I have to admit it has some dramatic appeal. And a number of geologists have come on board with it in fact, because there's certainly evidence of extreme glaciation during the Cryogenian period. （后面要講極寒的證據(jù)evidence）
For example, in Oman, now Oman's in the Middle East, right? So a hot climate today. Well, sedimentary rocks there provide clear evidence of glaciers in the Cryogenian period. But a new research study looked at the sedimentary rocks more closely. （一個(gè)新研究）The technique they used. It’s useful to know this, because we will come across it again. What they look at is a measure called a chemical index of alteration. The chemical index of alteration is a gauge of chemical weathering of rock, which means the chemical changes that occurred in rock due to environmental conditions. A high rate of chemical weathering indicates a warm and humid environment. Well, a low rate of chemical weathering is consistent with cool and dry conditions. So in this rock in Oman, the chemical index of alteration suggests that the climate during the Cryogenian wasn't consistent. There's definitely evidence of periods with low rates of chemical weathering and therefore cold conditions. But these alternate with intervals of high chemical weathering, which represent times of warmer weather, which means that there were periods when that deep-freeze broke. （證據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)極寒期不持續(xù)，有變熱的時(shí)期）But how? If the Earth was completely frozen for a long period of time, Idoubt warmer periods could have happened. The incoming solar radiation would have been reflected back, right? So the warmer periods indicate that at least some portions of the ocean weren't frozen over.（證明大雪球假說(shuō)可能有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，一些海面沒(méi)有被冰凍）
